Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) and beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) are two popular types of chemical peels that have become a staple in many skincare products. Both classes of acids function as exfoliants, which work by shedding away the outermost layers of the skin to reveal a smoother, brighter complexion beneath. However, despite their shared exfoliating properties, AHAs and BHAs differ in their molecular structure, penetration depth, and target skin concerns.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids
AHAs are derived from natural sources such as fruits. They are water-soluble acids which means that they absorb easily into the skin and help it to retain its moisture. AHAs target the outermost layer of the epidermis, called the stratum corneum. The gentle exfoliation of alpha hydroxy acids help to remove dead skin cells, unveil a more radiant complexion, and diminish the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Here are some commonly used AHA’s.
- Glycolic Acid. The smallest and most penetrable AHA.
- Lactic Acid. A gentler than other AHA and good for hydration.
- Malic Acid. Great for brightening the skin and reducing sun damage.
Beta Hydroxy Acids
BHAs are oil-soluble, which means they can penetrate into the oil glands and pores of the skin. This makes BHAs a great choice for those who deal with excess oil and acne prone skin. They also have anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce redness and swelling. Salicylic acid is the most widely used BHA in skincare products. A lessor known BHA is Willow Bark Extract.
The Bottom Line
Both AHAs and BHAs can contribute to a smoother, more radiant complexion by promoting exfoliation, but the choice between them often depends on individual skin type, concerns, and sensitivities. Some skincare products may contain a combination of both AHAs and BHAs to provide a comprehensive exfoliation experience. It’s important to introduce these acids gradually into your skincare routine, use sunscreen regularly, and, if needed, consult with a dermatologist for personalized advice.
